Enhancing Diabetes Self-Monitoring via Mobile App: An MVVM and Firebase Approach
|
Keywords:
Diabetes Self-Management, Mobile Health, MVVM Architecture, Firebase Backend, Usability Testing
AbstractDiabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that demands continuous and disciplined self-management to prevent severe systemic complications. Despite its critical importance, patient adherence to regular blood glucose tracking, dietary restrictions, and medication schedules remains low in Indonesia. This study addresses these challenges by developing and evaluating DiabetesKu, a native mobile health application designed to facilitate independent diabetes management. Engineered using Android Studio with the Kotlin programming language, the system implements the Model-View-ViewModel MVVM architecture to decouple business logic from the user interface, while leveraging the Firebase cloud ecosystem for secure, real-time data synchronization and automated reminder deployment. The application integrates core features such as interactive health logging, contextual diabetes education, medication alarms, macronutrient tracking, and direct consultation channels. To evaluate its structural integrity and operational viability, a multi-tiered testing framework was applied. Automated Black Box testing using the Espresso framework across ten critical functional scenarios achieved a 100% success rate, confirming high code stability. Furthermore, field usability evaluations involving active diabetes patients demonstrated an outstanding cumulative satisfaction rate of 91.7%, with users highly praising its clinical usefulness, navigational simplicity, and visual accessibility. The empirical results demonstrate that "DiabetesKu" is a highly reliable and user-accepted digital health solution capable of promoting patient compliance and reinforcing independent lifestyle control in daily diabetes care.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
ReferencesAlOsaimi, H. M., Kanan, M., AlOtaibi, M., Alhejaili, S., Alshammari, B., Khalaf, A., … Alshahrani, R. S. (2025). Assessing Intention to use Mobile Phone–Based Self-Management Support Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Digital Health, 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241308993 . Wong, A. K. C., Nan, Y., Yang, B. X., & Liu, Y. (2025). Exploring Desired Features of Mobile Health Apps for Patients with Diabetes to Enhance Engagement and Self-Management: Qualitative Study. JMIR Diabetes, 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/69176 . Santosa, W. R. B., Sujatmiko, S., Astutik, W. S., Manohara, G. D. I., & Nuraini, I. R. (2025). The Impact of Mobile Health on Healthy Lifestyle Compliance and Quality of Life of Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Scoping Review. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI), 12(2), 302–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/jbbi.2025.13261 . Lee, J. L., & Kim, Y. (2024, February 1). Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Switzerland). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030368 . Kamillah, S., Panduragan, S. L., Poddar, S., & Abdullah, B. F. (2022, July 1). Patients’ Experiences in Using Diabetes Self-Management Application: A Scoping Review. Kesmas. Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Public Health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V17ISP1.5936 . Santoso, B. J., Qona’ah, A., & Erye Frety, E. (2022). Digitalisasi Tatalaksana Pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) Melalui Aplikasi DM Assistant sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kepatuhan Pilar Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 2(2), 67–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54082/jippm.23 . Gayatri, R. W., Wardani, H. E., & Katmawanti, S. (2019). Hubungan Hasil Deteksi Dini Diabetes Mellitus Menggunakan Aplikasi Android “Dm Personal Screening” dengan Kadar Gula Darah Acak Pengunjung Puskesmas Janti Kota Malang. Preventia : The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 4(2), 116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17977/um044v4i2p116-123 . Balitbang Kemenkes RI. (2013). Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). Balitbang Kemenkes RI. Balitbang Kemenkes RI. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.127.3309.1275 . Onyia, A. U., Berhie, G., Cecchetti, A., & Hines, A. (2023). The Use of Digital Telehealth for the Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Hinds County, Mississippi: A Pilot Study. Journal of Patient Experience, 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231188835 . Tan, N. C., Tyagi, S., Lee, C. S., Koh, E. Y. L., Goh, K. L. S., Gong, P. P., … Koh, C. H. G. (2025). Effectiveness of an Algorithm-Driven Home Telemonitoring System on the Metabolic Control and Self-Care Behaviour of Asian adults with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 31(4), 523–533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X231203490 . Patail, K., Pai, H. H., Greenfield, G., Hayhoe, B., Majeed, A., Neves, A. L., & Taddese, H. B. (2025).What are the Perceptions and Experiences of adults using Mobile Applications for Self-Management in Diabetes?. A Systematic Review. BMJ Open, 15(1).DOI:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086671 . Shanmugavel, A., Shakya, P. R., Shrestha, A., Nepal, J., Shrestha, A., Daneault, J. F., & Rawal, S. (2024). Designing and Developing a Mobile App for Management and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes in Nepal: User-Centered Design Study. JMIR Formative Research, 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/50823 . Onyia, A. U., Berhie, G., Cecchetti, A., & Hines, A. (2023). The Use of Digital Telehealth for the Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Hinds County, Mississippi: A Pilot Study. Journal of Patient Experience, 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231188835 . Crossen, S., Romero, C., Reggiardo, A., Michel, J., & Glaser, N. (2022). Feasibility and Impact of Remote Glucose Monitoring Among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: Single-Center Pilot Study. JMIR Diabetes, 7(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/33639 . Istepanian, R. S. H., & Al-anzi, T. M. (2018). m-Health Interventions for Diabetes Remote Monitoring and Self Management: Clinical and Compliance Issues. MHealth, 4, 4–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2018.01.02 . Lee, D. Y., Yoo, S. H., Min, K. P., & Park, C. Y. (2020). Effect of Voluntary Participation on Mobile Health care in Diabetes Management: Randomized Controlled Open-Label Trial. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 8(9).DOI:https://doi.org/10.2196/19153 . Singh, J., Sangwan, R. K., Mudgal, S. K., & Huda, R. K. (2025). Empowering Diabetes Care: Patient Practices and the Role of Mobile Health – A Qualitative Exploration. Dialogues in Health, 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dialog.2025.100231 . Berube, L. T., Popp, C. J., Curran, M., Hu, L., Pompeii, M. L., Barua, S., … Sevick, M. A. (2024). Diabetes Telemedicine Mediterranean Diet (DiaTeleMed) Study: Study Protocol for a Fully Remote Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Personalized Dietary Management in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Trials, 25(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-024-08337-w . Pustozerov, E., Popova, P., Tkachuk, A., Bolotko, Y., Yuldashev, Z., & Grineva, E. (2018). Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Personalized Blood Glucose Prediction System for Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 6(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9236 . Pustozerov, E., Popova, P., Tkachuk, A., Bolotko, Y., Yuldashev, Z., & Grineva, E. (2018). Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Personalized Blood Glucose Prediction System for Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 6(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9236 . |
Published
2026-07-14
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Azimi, I., & Akmal, M. R. (2026). Enhancing Diabetes Self-Monitoring via Mobile App: An MVVM and Firebase Approach. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 8(3), 582-587. https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v8i3.1468
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
